How do the INCLUDE function and FIXED function (LOD expression) work while adding a condition for both functions in Tableau? What is the difference between the INCLUDE function and the FIXED function in Tableau?

INCLUDE –  is used when you want to calculate a measure at a lower level of detail than the viz’s detail level. Your calculation will look at the dimensions on your view plus any additional dimensions you put in your statement.

{INCLUDE [City]: SUM([SalesYTD])}

{INCLUDE [City] – This is where you specify the level of detail

SUM([SalesYTD])} – Here, we indicate the measure to be calculated at this level.

In the example: We have countries on the X-axis, and in the bottom graph, we show SalesYTD. In the upper graph, along the same X-axis, we show AVG by LOD function with City detail. Thus, we can compare total sales and average sales for each city by country.

FIXED –  function calculates your measure independent of what’s on your view. The Fixed function does not look at the view at all; it will calculate your measure depending on what dimensions you put in your equation and nothing else.

{FIXED [TerritoryGroup]: SUM([SalesYTD])}

{FIXED [TerritoryGroup]: – this is where you capture the level of detail of the data

SUM([SalesYTD])} – here you indicate the measure that will need to be calculated at a fixed level of data detail

You can also use both of these LOD functions in an IF statement. So, for example, you need to show a fixed value only to Europe, then you can use the following expression:

{FIXED [TerritoryGroup]:

    SUM(

    IF [TerritoryGroup]= "Europe" 

    THEN ([SalesYTD]) 

    ELSE 0 END)}

{FIXED [TerritoryGroup]: – this is where you fix the level of detail

 SUM( – then we need to specify the type of data aggregation, in our case, this is the sum of the result of the IF expression

IF [TerritoryGroup]= “Europe”   – the expression evaluates to TRUE or FALSE

THEN ([SalesYTD]) – if the previous expression is TRUE, then we will need to output the SalesYTD field

ELSE 0 END)} – if the previous condition equals FALSE, then “0” will be included in the sum

{INCLUDE  [City]:

    SUM(

    IF [City]= "Berlin" 

    THEN ([SalesYTD]) 

    ELSE 0 END)}

{FIXED [City]: – this is where you fix the level of detail

 SUM( – then we need to specify the type of data aggregation, in our case, this is the sum of the result of the IF expression

IF  [City]= “Berlin”   – the expression evaluates to TRUE or FALSE

THEN ([SalesYTD]) – if the previous expression is TRUE, then we will need to output the SalesYTD field

ELSE 0 END)} – if the previous condition equals FALSE, then “0” will be included in the sum

That is the difference between the INCLUDE and FIXED functions in Tableau.

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